
The Norwegian Parliament has decided on a national goal that all new cars sold by 2025 should be zero-emission (electric or hydrogen). By end of 2024, more than 27 percent of registered cars. . The overall signal from the majority of political parties is that it should always be economically beneficial to choose zero and low emission cars over high emission cars. This is obtained with «the polluter pays principle» in the car. . The Parliament has agreed on a national rule which means that counties and municipalities can not charge more than 70% of the price for fossil. [pdf]
The Norwegian Parliament has decided on a national goal that all new cars sold by 2025 should be zero-emission (electric or hydrogen). By end of 2024, more than 27 percent of registered cars in Norway were battery electric (BEV). 88.9 percent of all new passenger cars sold were fully electric in 2024.
When diesel vehicles are included, electric cars account for almost a third of all on Norwegian roads. And 88.9% of new cars sold in the country last year were EVs, up from 82.4% in 2023, data from the Norwegian Road Federation (OFV) showed.
"Long-range, high-charging speed. It's hard to go back." On the streets of Norway's capital, Oslo, battery-powered cars aren't a novelty, they're the norm. Take a look around and you'll soon notice that almost every other car has an "E" for "electric" on its licence plate.
Norway is the world leader when it comes to the take up of electric cars, which last year accounted for nine out of 10 new vehicles sold in the country. Can other nations learn from it? For more than 75 years Oslo-based car dealership Harald A Møller has been importing Volkswagens, but early in 2024 it bid farewell to fossil fuel cars.
The incentives have been gradually introduced by different governments and broad coalitions of parties since the early 1990s to speed up the transition. The Norwegian Parliament has decided on a national goal that all new cars sold by 2025 should be zero-emission (electric or hydrogen).
Company car tax reduction reduced to 40% (2018-2021) and 20 percent from 2022. The Norwegian Parliament decided on a national goal that all new cars sold by 2025 should be zero-emission (electric or hydrogen) (2017). Public procurement: From 2022 cars needs to be ZEV.

Before working on an appliance or electronic device, you must first discharge its capacitor. It’s often safe to discharge a capacitor using a common insulated screwdriver; however, it is usually a good idea to put together a capacitor discharge tool and use that for electronics with larger capacitors such as. If the capacitor reads as having fewer than 10 volts, you don’t need to discharge it.If the capacitor reads anywhere between 10 and 99 volts, discharge it with a screwdriver.If the capacitor reads in the hundreds of volts, the safest way to discharge it is with a discharge tool, rather than a screwdriver. [pdf]
Using a Light Bulb: Connect a light bulb with appropriate power rating to the capacitor terminals. The bulb will glow as the capacitor discharges, and will go out when fully discharged. Verify with a multimeter. Creating a DIY Discharge Tool: Gather materials: electrical tape, alligator clips, 12-gauge wire, and a 50W 20k ohm resistor.
Discharge Tool: For high-voltage capacitors, it’s advisable to use a dedicated capacitor discharge tool, which often includes a resistor to safely dissipate the charge. – Insulated Tools: For lower-voltage capacitors, you can use insulated screwdrivers or pliers. 3. Discharge Process
Controlled Discharge: Take a systematic approach to discharge by using resistors to create a controlled discharge path. This prevents rapid capacitive discharges that can produce sparks or damage the capacitor discharging. Emergency Response Plan: Have a well-defined emergency response plan in place.
Different discharge methods are chosen based on the measured voltage of the capacitor: Less than 10 volts: This voltage is generally considered safe and does not require additional discharge procedures. Between 10 and 99 volts: Although low, this voltage still poses some risk. Use simple tools like a screwdriver for quick discharge in this case.
It is okay to discharge capacitors yourself using resistors or discharge pens. However, there are shock hazards, and you must be extra careful, especially when dealing with high-rated capacitors. Discharging a capacitor is a necessary process that should be done with caution. This guide will teach you the proper way to make capacitors empty.
Always adhere to safety precautions while performing the discharge. To discharge a capacitor, unplug the device from its power source and desolder the capacitor from the circuit. Connect each capacitor terminal to each end of a resistor rated at 2k ohms using wires with alligator clips. Wait for 10 seconds for a 1000µF capacitor to discharge.

Unlike resistors, capacitors use a wide variety of codes to describe their characteristics. Physically small capacitors are especially difficult to read, due to the limited space available for printing. The information in this article should help you read almost all modern consumer capacitors. Don't be surprised if your information is. Capacitor markings are used for identifying their values and proper usage in electronic circuits. Here's a detailed breakdown of the key aspects to consider: [pdf]
Thus, for such concise markings many different types of schemes or solutions are adopted. The value of the capacitor is indicated in “Picofarads”. Some of the marking figures which can be observed are 10n which denotes that the capacitor is of 10nF. In a similar way, 0.51nF is indicated by the marking n51.
While any engineer knows that the color markings on a resistor signify the resistance, some may not realize that capacitors also have their own set of markings, which vary depending on the size of the device. This article will explore just what these markings mean on a number of different components. Important Capacitor Characteristics
The various parameters of the capacitors such as their voltage and tolerance along with their values is represented by different types of markings and codes. Some of these markings and codes include capacitor polarity marking; capacity colour code; and ceramic capacitor code respectively.
Numerical Markings One of the most common formats for capacitor markings is the numerical code. This is typically a series of three or four digits, which represent the capacitance value and sometimes the tolerance. Three-digit code: The first two digits represent the significant figures, and the third digit indicates the number of zeros to add.
SMD capacitors use compact markings to indicate their value and polarity. Look for small dots, lines, or other symbols on the capacitor body. SMD capacitors may also have a negative marking or a square pad on the PCB to indicate polarity. Use a magnifying tool to clearly read the markings on small SMD components.
The capacitors which are small in size does not provide space required for clear markings and only few figures can be accommodated in the given space in order to mark it and provide a code for their various parameters. Thus, abbreviated markings are used in such cases wherein three characters are used to mark the code of the capacitor.
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