Identification of critical stacking faults in thin-film CdTe solar cells
Cadmium telluride (CdTe) is a p-type semiconductor used in thin-film solar cells. To achieve high light-to-electricity conversion, annealing in the presence of CdCl2 is essential, but the underlying mechanism is still under debate. Recent evidence suggests that a reduction in the high density of stacking faults in the CdTe grains is a key process that occurs during the
Mechanical Stacking Multi Junction Solar Cells Using Transparent
Abstract We report a mechanical stacking technology with transparent conductive adhesive as intermediate conductive layer for multi-junction-solar cells. Transparent adhesive
Understanding the mechanism of PEDOT: PSS modification via
Planar heterojunction PSCs evolved from dye-sensitized solar cells, and have become a new direction for PSCs [7] pared with the n-i-p structure device, which commonly use TiO 2 and spiro-OMeTAD as electron and hole transport layers (ETL and HTL), the device with p-i-n structure (also called inverted planar structure) has a lower fabricating temperature
Superior End-Group Stacking Promotes Simultaneous
It was found using the AFRA is an effective strategy to enhance end-group stacking, enhancing the borrowing of oscillator strength to promote multiple CT mechanisms in the complexes, explaining the high performance of
Single-source pulsed laser-deposited perovskite solar cells with
Vapor-phase deposition dominates industry-scale thin-film manufacturing but remains less prevalent in halide perovskite photovoltaic research compared with solution-based processes. The challenges in vapor-phase processing of halide perovskites lie in the varying volatility of the precursors, necessitating the use of different sublimation sources to evaporate them. Here, we
Achieving 20.8% organic solar cells via
Additive-assisted layer-by-layer deposition creates a bulk p-i-n structure and vertically segregated fibril network morphology in the active layer of organic solar cells. This morphology
Gradual Optimization of Molecular Aggregation and Stacking
Volatile solid additive is an effective and simple strategy for morphology control in organic solar cells (OSCs). The development of environmentally friendly new additives which can also be easily removed without high-temperature thermal annealing treatment is currently a trend, and the working mechanism needs to be further studied.
Chlorine activated stacking fault removal mechanism in thin
The efficiency of as-deposited CdTe solar cells is typically <5 %. An activation process involving the post-treatment of the CdTe surface with cadmium chloride at approximately 400 deg C improves the absorber microstructure by removing stacking faults, fills the grain boundaries with chlorine and leads to efficiencies of up to ~22 %.
Influence of p-π conjugation in π-π stacking molecules on
The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been improved significantly over the last decade, from an initial 3.8% to the current 26.7%, through structural optimization, preparation engineering, additives, and interface modification strategies [1], [2], [3], [4].Nevertheless, the susceptibility of organic-inorganic hybrid
Chlorine activated stacking fault removal mechanism in thin film
Europe PMC is an archive of life sciences journal literature.
Chlorine activated stacking fault removal mechanism in thin
The conversion efficiency of as-deposited, CdTe solar cells is poor and typically less than 5%. A CdCl2 activation treatment increases this to up to 22%.
Theoretical exploration of molecular packing and the
Theoretical exploration of molecular packing and the charge transfer mechanism of organic solar cells based on PM6:Y6 In this paper, the local molecular stacking of PM6:Y6 films is simulated based on ab initio
Pd-mediated mechanical stack of III–V solar cells fabricated via
Thus, we demonstrated the mechanical stacking of HVPE-grown GaAs solar cells to fabricate tandem cells. We used smart stack as the bonding technique by employing a Pd nanoparticle array as the bonding mediator. The growth mechanism and system are presented elsewhere (Oshima et al., 2018, Shoji et al., 2020b). The reactor was made of quartz
Chlorine activated stacking fault removal mechanism in thin film
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25063-y Corpus ID: 237282069; Chlorine activated stacking fault removal mechanism in thin film CdTe solar cells: the missing piece @article{Hatton2021ChlorineAS, title={Chlorine activated stacking fault removal mechanism in thin film CdTe solar cells: the missing piece}, author={Peter Hatton and Michael J. Watts and
Chlorine activated stacking fault removal mechanism in thin film
The efficiency of as-deposited CdTe solar cells is typically <5 %. An activation process involving the post-treatment of the CdTe surface with cadmium chloride at approximately 400 deg C improves
Insights into the Charge-Transfer Mechanism and Stacking
Insights into the Charge-Transfer Mechanism and Stacking Structures in a Large Sample of Donor/Acceptor Models of a Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cell
Gradual Optimization of Molecular Aggregation and
Volatile solid additive is an effective and simple strategy for morphology control in organic solar cells (OSCs). The development of environmentally friendly new additives which can also be easily removed
Theoretical exploration of the molecular stacking and charge
This work provides a systematic theoretical exploration of the molecular stacking and charge transfer mechanisms in PBQx:Y6 OSCs, which offer valuable theoretical insights
Potential-induced degradation in solar cells: Electronic structure
Sodium decorated stacking faults (SFs) were recently identified as the primary cause of potential-induced degradation in silicon (Si) solar-cells due to local electrical short-circuiting of the p
Controlling the crystallization of donor and acceptor of organic solar
Achieving sufficiently high crystallinity and forming a suitable vertical phase separation in the active layer are essential for optimizing the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). Nevertheless, achieving precise control of the crystallinity of the active layer without excessive aggregation still remains challenging. Herein, we propose an approach to prolong
Practical limits of multijunction solar cells
1 INTRODUCTION. Multijunction solar cells, in the following also referred to as tandems, combine absorbers with different band gaps to reduce two principle loss mechanisms occurring in single junction solar cells: thermalization and sub
Chlorine activated stacking fault removal mechanism in thin lm
Chlorine activated stacking fault removal mechanism in thin film CdTe solar cells: the whole story Peter Hatton,1 Michael J. Watts,2 Ali Abbas,3 Tom Fiducia,3 John M. Walls,3 Roger Smith,1 and Pooja Goddard∗2 1Department of Mathematical Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK, LE11 3TU 2Department of Chemistry, Loughborough
Superior End-Group Stacking Promotes Simultaneous
The all-fused-ring acceptor (AFRA) is a success for nonfullerene materials and has attracted considerable attention as its high optical and chemical stability expected to reduce energy loss, and power conversion efficiency
Performance -Improvement Mechanisms of Tin-Based Perovskite
Researchers at University of Tsukuba have used electron spin resonance technology to observe the state and movement of the charge inside Ruddlesden-Popper tin
Insights into the Charge-Transfer Mechanism and
Non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) have boomed in the field of organic solar cells (OSCs); however, the charge generation mechanism remains elusive owing to the complex molecular stacking patterns in the active layer and numerous
Gradual Optimization of Molecular Aggregation and Stacking
Volatile solid additive is an effective and simple strategy for morphology control in organic solar cells (OSCs). The development of environmentally friendly new additives which can also be easily removed without high‐temperature thermal annealing treatment is currently a trend, and the working mechanism needs to be further studied. Herein, a highly volatile and non‐halogenated
Chlorine activated stacking fault removal mechanism in thin
Chlorine activated stacking fault removal mechanism in thin lm CdTe solar cells: the whole story Peter Hatton,1 Michael J. Watts,2 Ali Abbas, 3Tom Fiducia, John M. Walls,3 Roger Smith,1 and Pooja
Mechanical Stacking Multi Junction Solar Cells Using
Transparent adhesive jell dispersed with Indium-Tin-Oxide (ITO) particles ranging from 5 to 10 wt% was developed for stacking solar cell substrates. A connecting resistivity below 2.0 :cm 2 was achieved in a condition of solidifying the adhesive gel under a gas pressure from 4.0x10 5 to 7.0x10 5 Pa. The connecting resistivity was kept lower
Stacking fault reduction during annealing in Cu-poor CuInSe2
precise understanding of stacking fault annihilation mechanisms is therefore crucial for the (In,Ga)Se 2 – a photovoltaic absorber material showing record efficiencies of up to 22.9 % for thin film solar cells – a reduction of stacking faults occurs at the transition from a Cu-poor to a Cu-rich film composition, parallel to grain growth
Elucidate the Thermal Degradation Mechanism of Y6‐Based Organic Solar
The underlying mechanism is elucidated that t... Abstract Organic solar cells (OSCs) achieved performance booming benefiting from the emerging of non-fullerene acceptors, while inadequate device stability hampers their further application. originating from the increased molecular stacking and phase separation. This work reveals the thermal
Potential induced degradation of n‐type crystalline
Studies of the PID mechanism in p-type solar cells showed that the Na ion decoration of the stacking fault in the silicon is responsible for the decrease in the shunt These two differences support the opinion that only
Organic solar cells: Principles, materials, and working mechanism
The mechanism of energy conversion that takes place in the solar cell—the photovoltaic effect—is illustrated in Figure 1 a. In its most simple form, the cell consists of a light absorber material
Regulation of molecular orientation in organic solar cells
The influence of molecular orientation and the intrinsic mechanism are analyzed. are intricately connected to the molecular stacking mode and phase separation structure of the blend film in BHJ solar cells. In fullerene blend films, the stacking mode of the acceptor has negligible impact on the transport of free electrons, given the
Theoretical exploration of molecular packing and the
The active layer morphology of non-fullerene organic solar cells is one of the key factors affecting the power conversion efficiency (PCE); however, current experimental techniques cannot be used to directly observe
Exploring the mechanisms of exciton diffusion improvement in ternary
The improved exciton diffusion behaviors across a wide temporal scale have been obtained relying on the simultaneously enhanced efficiency and thermal stability in the PM6:IT4F:PC 71 BM and PM6:BTP-4Cl:PC 71 BM ternary organic solar cells. Two dominant separate working mechanisms are responsible for these benefits: (1) the coexistence of dual
6 FAQs about [Solar cell stacking mechanism]
How does a solar cell work?
In its most simple form, the cell consists of a light absorber material with two carrier-selective layers located on each side, plus two electrodes with metallic properties (cathode and anode). Figure 1. a) Conceptual schematic of a solar cell delivering electric power to a resistive load.
What is superior end-group stacking in organic solar cells?
Li-Li Wang, Jin-Hong Han, Hai-Ping Zhou, Qing-Qing Pan, Zhi-Wen Zhao, Zhongmin Su. Superior End-Group Stacking Promotes Simultaneous Multiple Charge-Transfer Mechanisms in Organic Solar Cells with an All-Fused-Ring Nonfullerene Acceptor.
How do CdTe solar cells remove stacking faults?
In conclusion, we report in this paper for the first time the full mechanism by which stacking fault removal occurs when CdTe solar cells are treated with chlorine. This occurs through a Te cascade mechanism that is triggered when the grain boundaries are saturated by chlorine.
What is the development of organic solar cells (OSCs)?
The most significant advances on the development of organic solar cells (OSCs) along the last three decades are presented. Key aspects of OSCs such as the photovoltaic principles regarding the mechanism for the generation of the exciton and the transport of the carriers to the respective electrodes are explained.
How are organic solar cells made?
Organic materials for photoactive layer Typically, organic solar cells are fabricated using a blend active layer composed by a p-type conjugated polymer used as donor component, and a n-type organic semiconductor as an acceptor component.
Do pbqx Y6 OSCs have molecular stacking and charge transfer mechanisms?
This work provides a systematic theoretical exploration of the molecular stacking and charge transfer mechanisms in PBQx:Y6 OSCs, which offer valuable theoretical insights for the development of high-performance photovoltaic devices. 1. Introduction